{"id":84477,"date":"2017-04-24T20:17:38","date_gmt":"2017-04-25T02:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/uncategorized\/donor-eggs\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T09:49:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T15:49:34","slug":"donor-eggs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/donor-eggs\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d3vulos de donante"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Los \u00f3vulos de donante, tambi\u00e9n conocidos como donaci\u00f3n de ovocitos, hacen posible el embarazo para mujeres que, de otro modo, quiz\u00e1 no podr\u00edan quedarse embarazadas con sus propios \u00f3vulos.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfQui\u00e9nes son candidatas a utilizar \u00f3vulos de donante?<\/h2>\n<p>La realidad es que cualquier mujer que desee quedarse embarazada tiene la opci\u00f3n de recurrir a \u00f3vulos de donante. Por desgracia, la mayor\u00eda de las mujeres que utilizan \u00f3vulos de donante presentan una calidad ovocitaria significativamente disminuida. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Las mujeres con las siguientes afecciones o situaciones suelen ser candidatas a \u00f3vulos de donante:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Menopausia precoz o <a title=\"Insuficiencia ov\u00e1rica prematura: menopausia prematura\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/?p=82522\">insuficiencia ov\u00e1rica prematura (IOP)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Calidad ovocitaria extremadamente baja<\/li>\n<li>Antecedentes de enfermedad gen\u00e9tica<\/li>\n<li>Los ovarios no responden a la estimulaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n<li>Desequilibrio hormonal<\/li>\n<li>Mayores de 40 a\u00f1os<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el proceso para seleccionar a una donante de \u00f3vulos?<\/h3>\n<p>El primer paso es decidir las caracter\u00edsticas que prefiere en una donante de \u00f3vulos. La donante puede ser un familiar, una amiga o una persona an\u00f3nima.<br \/>\n<strong>Cualquier posible donante de \u00f3vulos debe someterse a las siguientes evaluaciones:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antecedentes de <a title=\"Defectos de nacimiento\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/birth-defects\/\">defectos cong\u00e9nitos<\/a> o enfermedades hereditarias<\/li>\n<li>Historia cl\u00ednica y social<\/li>\n<li>Exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica<\/li>\n<li>Evaluaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica<\/li>\n<li>Pruebas de <a title=\"Infecciones de transmisi\u00f3n sexual (ETS e ITS) durante el embarazo\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/pregnancy\/stds-and-pregnancy\/\">enfermedades de transmisi\u00f3n sexual<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el proceso para la donante de \u00f3vulos?<\/h3>\n<p>La donante se someter\u00e1 a estimulaci\u00f3n ov\u00e1rica con los mismos medicamentos que utilizar\u00eda una mujer para estimular el desarrollo de sus propios \u00f3vulos al planificar una fecundaci\u00f3n in vitro. La inducci\u00f3n de la <a title=\"Comprender la ovulaci\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/understanding-ovulation\/\">ovulaci\u00f3n<\/a> se realizar\u00e1 con una combinaci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos. Estos <a title=\"Medicaci\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/medication\/\">medicamentos<\/a> ayudar\u00e1n a evitar que la ovulaci\u00f3n se produzca demasiado pronto y tambi\u00e9n a estimular la producci\u00f3n de m\u00faltiples \u00f3vulos en el ovario. Se controlar\u00e1 a la donante mediante ecograf\u00edas y an\u00e1lisis de sangre para determinar cu\u00e1ndo se han desarrollado sus fol\u00edculos. A continuaci\u00f3n se administra la hormona <a title=\"Gonadotropina cori\u00f3nica humana (hCG); la hormona del embarazo\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/hcg-levels\/\">hCG<\/a> y los \u00f3vulos se extraen aproximadamente dos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s.    <\/p>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el proceso para la pareja receptora?<\/h3>\n<p>Idealmente, el ciclo de la receptora se sincronizar\u00e1 con el ciclo de la donante. Esto se consigue administrando una combinaci\u00f3n de dos o tres medicamentos hormonales. Lupron\u00ae se administra poco antes de la fecha prevista de inicio de la menstruaci\u00f3n para suprimir el ciclo natural.  <\/p>\n<p>Se a\u00f1ade estr\u00f3geno poco despu\u00e9s de que comience la menstruaci\u00f3n y se ajusta a diario hasta que los ciclos de la receptora y la donante coincidan.<\/p>\n<p>Se utilizar\u00e1n medicamentos hormonales para modificar un ciclo menstrual regular de 28 d\u00edas y mantener a la receptora y a la donante en el mismo ciclo.<\/p>\n<p>Estar en el mismo ciclo ofrece la mejor oportunidad de que el revestimiento del \u00fatero de la receptora est\u00e9 preparado para sostener el embri\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>La pareja masculina proporcionar\u00e1 una muestra de semen el mismo d\u00eda en que se extraigan los \u00f3vulos de la donante. El semen y los \u00f3vulos se fecundan en un laboratorio mediante fecundaci\u00f3n in vitro. <\/p>\n<p>El tratamiento con progesterona comienza al d\u00eda siguiente de la extracci\u00f3n de los \u00f3vulos de la donante, y las inyecciones de Lupron\u00ae se suspenden el d\u00eda anterior a la <a title=\"Transferencia de embriones\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/embryo-transfer\/\">transferencia embrionaria<\/a>. La transferencia embrionaria suele realizarse entre dos y cinco d\u00edas despu\u00e9s de la extracci\u00f3n inicial de los \u00f3vulos. <\/p>\n<p>Se realizar\u00e1 un <a title=\"An\u00e1lisis de sangre\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/prenatal-testing\/blood-test\/\">an\u00e1lisis de sangre<\/a> 10 d\u00edas despu\u00e9s para determinar si se ha producido el embarazo.<\/p>\n<p>La receptora tambi\u00e9n debe conocer los <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/primeros-signos-del-embarazo\/\">primeros signos y s\u00edntomas del embarazo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de las receptoras de \u00f3vulos de donante tambi\u00e9n continuar\u00e1n con progesterona y estr\u00f3geno hasta aproximadamente la semana 10 de embarazo, cuando la placenta pueda cubrir por s\u00ed sola estas necesidades hormonales.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la tasa de \u00e9xito del embarazo con \u00f3vulos de donante?<\/h3>\n<p>La tasa de \u00e9xito variar\u00e1 en funci\u00f3n de la edad de los \u00f3vulos, el proceso de extracci\u00f3n, la calidad del semen y la salud general de las mujeres implicadas. En la mayor\u00eda de los casos, se prefieren \u00f3vulos m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes. Hasta el 48 % de las mujeres que utilizan \u00f3vulos de donante lograr\u00e1n un embarazo. Aproximadamente entre el 15 % y el 20 % de las mujeres sufrir\u00e1n un aborto espont\u00e1neo.   <\/p>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los riesgos relacionados con la donaci\u00f3n de \u00f3vulos?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>La donaci\u00f3n de \u00f3vulos conlleva los mismos riesgos que la fecundaci\u00f3n in vitro y la transferencia embrionaria, y existe una <strong>probabilidad del 20-25 % de que el embarazo<\/strong> sea m\u00faltiple.<\/li>\n<li>Los embarazos con \u00f3vulos de donante conllevan el mismo riesgo del 3-5 % de <a title=\"Defecto de nacimiento\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/birth-defects\/\">defecto cong\u00e9nito<\/a> que un embarazo natural.<br \/>\nLos medicamentos implicados pueden tener efectos secundarios.<br \/>\nAlgunas mujeres experimentan sofocos, sentimientos de depresi\u00f3n, dolores de cabeza e insomnio.<\/li>\n<li>En casos poco frecuentes, las donantes pueden experimentar el s\u00edndrome de hiperestimulaci\u00f3n ov\u00e1rica, que implica una hinchaz\u00f3n dolorosa de los ovarios.<\/li>\n<li>Otros s\u00edntomas incluyen <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/pregnancy\/nausea-during-pregnancy\/\">n\u00e1useas<\/a>, <a title=\"V\u00f3mitos durante el embarazo\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/pregnancy\/vomiting-during-pregnancy\/\">v\u00f3mitos<\/a>, <a title=\"Dolor abdominal durante el embarazo\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/pregnancy\/abdominal-pain-during-pregnancy\/\">dolor abdominal<\/a> y dificultad para respirar. P\u00f3ngase en contacto con su profesional sanitario de inmediato si presenta alguno de estos s\u00edntomas. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1nto cuesta la donaci\u00f3n de \u00f3vulos?<\/h3>\n<p>Los costes totales suelen oscilar entre $12.000 y $20.000. Es importante averiguar qu\u00e9 est\u00e1 incluido y qu\u00e9 no en la estructura de tarifas: honorarios de la donante, fecundaci\u00f3n in vitro, <a title=\"Transferencia de embriones\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/embryo-transfer\/\">transferencia embrionaria<\/a>, medicamentos, congelaci\u00f3n de embriones, etc. <\/p>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las consideraciones legales?<\/h3>\n<p>Las leyes suelen variar de un estado a otro, pero deber\u00eda haber poca preocupaci\u00f3n respecto a los derechos parentales.<br \/>\nTanto si la donante es conocida como si es an\u00f3nima, pueden redactarse contratos legales que eliminen todos los derechos parentales de la donante.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos \u00f3vulos deben extraerse, fecundarse y transferirse?<\/h3>\n<p>En la mayor\u00eda de los casos, los especialistas en fertilidad extraer\u00e1n tantos \u00f3vulos como sea posible durante el proceso de extracci\u00f3n. Esto ofrece la oportunidad de realizar procedimientos adicionales si el primer intento no tiene \u00e9xito. <\/p>\n<p>El n\u00famero de embriones que deben transferirse en un \u00fanico ciclo de FIV ha sido objeto de mucha discusi\u00f3n y debate. Algunos expertos creen que transferir no m\u00e1s de cuatro embriones por ciclo de FIV dar\u00e1 resultados \u00f3ptimos para reducir el riesgo de <a title=\"Signos y s\u00edntomas de embarazo m\u00faltiple\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/multiples\/symptoms-of-multiple-pregnancy\/\">embarazos m\u00faltiples<\/a> y otras <a title=\"Complicaciones del embarazo\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/pregnancy-complications\/\">complicaciones del embarazo<\/a>. Transferir cuatro embriones en lugar de solo uno o dos aumenta la probabilidad de un embarazo exitoso. Sin embargo, existe la posibilidad de que los cuatro embriones implanten. Es importante hablar de estas opciones con un especialista en fertilidad.    <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"citation-date\"><!--more--><strong>\u00bfDesea saber m\u00e1s?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"citation-date\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/getting-pregnant\/infertility\/\">Infertilidad 101: Lo que necesita saber primero<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/male-infertility\/\">Infertilidad masculina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/female-infertility\/\">Infertilidad femenina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/infertility\/infertility-medications\/\">Medicamentos para la infertilidad<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p class=\"citation-heading\">Recopilado utilizando informaci\u00f3n de las siguientes fuentes:<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-source\">1. RESOLVE: La Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional de Infertilidad<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-url\"><a title=\"RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association\" href=\"https:\/\/www.resolve.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.resolve.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-source\">2. American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-url\">https:\/\/www.asrm.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los \u00f3vulos de donante, tambi\u00e9n conocidos como donaci\u00f3n de ovocitos, hacen posible el embarazo para mujeres que, de otro modo, quiz\u00e1 no podr\u00edan quedarse embarazadas con sus propios \u00f3vulos. \u00bfQui\u00e9nes son candidatas a utilizar \u00f3vulos de donante? La realidad es que cualquier mujer que desee quedarse embarazada tiene la opci\u00f3n de recurrir a \u00f3vulos de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7621,8598],"tags":[],"faq-categories":[8401],"class_list":["post-84477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-getting-pregnant","category-ivf-and-art-es","faq-categories-no-faq"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00d3vulos de donante | American Pregnancy Association<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los \u00f3vulos de donante hacen posible el embarazo para mujeres que, de otro modo, quiz\u00e1 no podr\u00edan concebir con sus propios \u00f3vulos.\" \/>\n<meta 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