{"id":84022,"date":"2019-06-07T22:17:59","date_gmt":"2019-06-08T04:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/uncategorized\/types-of-birth-control\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T01:34:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T07:34:01","slug":"types-of-birth-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/unplanned-pregnancy\/types-of-birth-control\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de anticonceptivos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Anticoncepci\u00f3n es un t\u00e9rmino utilizado para los m\u00e9todos de prevenci\u00f3n del embarazo y a menudo se denomina control de natalidad. Desde m\u00e9todos y medicamentos hasta dispositivos, existen muchos tipos de control de natalidad disponibles tanto para hombres como para mujeres. Algunos m\u00e9todos se consideran permanentes, mientras que otros son reversibles. La mayor\u00eda de los m\u00e9todos anticonceptivos se clasifican en una de dos categor\u00edas: de barrera u hormonales. Otros m\u00e9todos incluyen la esterilizaci\u00f3n (cirug\u00eda), la <a title=\"Coito interrumpido\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventing-pregnancy\/withdrawal\/\">marcha atr\u00e1s<\/a>, la <a title=\"Conocimiento de la fertilidad: Planificaci\u00f3n familiar natural (PFN)\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventing-pregnancy\/natural-family-planning\/\">planificaci\u00f3n familiar natural<\/a> y la <a title=\"Abstinencia\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventing-pregnancy\/abstinence\/\">abstinencia<\/a>.    <\/p>\n<h2>Descripci\u00f3n general de los tipos de control de natalidad<\/h2>\n<p>Es importante examinar los diferentes tipos de control de natalidad y otras consideraciones relacionadas a medida que determine qu\u00e9 m\u00e9todo anticonceptivo utilizar.<\/p>\n<p>Si bien la mayor\u00eda de los <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/unplanned-pregnancy\/contraception\/\">m\u00e9todos anticonceptivos<\/a> previenen el embarazo, no todos previenen la transmisi\u00f3n de <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/pregnancy\/stds-and-pregnancy\/\">enfermedades de transmisi\u00f3n sexual<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, aparte de la abstinencia, todas las formas de control de natalidad tienen una tasa de fallo. Deber\u00eda realizarse una prueba de embarazo si experimenta <a title=\"S\u00edntomas del embarazo \u2014 Signos tempranos del embarazo\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/getting-pregnant\/early-pregnancy-symptoms\/\">s\u00edntomas de embarazo<\/a>. <\/p>\n<h3>Abstinencia<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Como medio de anticoncepci\u00f3n, la abstinencia es la abstenci\u00f3n voluntaria de la actividad sexual.<\/li>\n<li>La abstinencia es el \u00fanico m\u00e9todo anticonceptivo que es 100 % eficaz en la prevenci\u00f3n tanto del embarazo como de la transmisi\u00f3n de enfermedades de transmisi\u00f3n sexual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>M\u00e9todo de conocimiento de la fertilidad\/Planificaci\u00f3n familiar natural (PFN)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Conocimiento de la fertilidad: Planificaci\u00f3n familiar natural (PFN)\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventing-pregnancy\/natural-family-planning\/\">m\u00e9todo de conocimiento de la fertilidad<\/a> tambi\u00e9n se conoce como planificaci\u00f3n familiar natural y com\u00fanmente se denomina PFN.<\/li>\n<li>La PFN no depende de dispositivos ni <a title=\"Medicamentos\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/medication\/\">medicamentos<\/a> para prevenir el embarazo.<\/li>\n<li>La PFN es un m\u00e9todo anticonceptivo que utiliza las funciones naturales de su cuerpo y su <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/?p=84469\">ciclo menstrual<\/a> para determinar la ovulaci\u00f3n. Esto implica registrar su temperatura basal corporal y los cambios en su <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/cervical-mucus\/\">moco cervical<\/a> cada d\u00eda. <\/li>\n<li>La PFN requiere abstinencia peri\u00f3dica (aproximadamente de 7 a 10 d\u00edas) durante la ventana de <a title=\"Comprender la ovulaci\u00f3n\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/getting-pregnant\/infertility\/understanding-ovulation\/\">ovulaci\u00f3n<\/a> de la mujer. Algunas mujeres optan por utilizar un m\u00e9todo de barrera o la marcha atr\u00e1s durante este per\u00edodo. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Los m\u00e9todos de barrera o dispositivos son barreras f\u00edsicas o qu\u00edmicas dise\u00f1adas para impedir que los espermatozoides entren en el \u00fatero de la mujer<\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Preservativo masculino:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Preservativo masculino\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/male-condom\/\">preservativo masculino<\/a> es un tubo de material delgado (l\u00e1tex) que se enrolla sobre el pene erecto antes del contacto con la vagina.<\/li>\n<li>El preservativo masculino es el m\u00e9todo de barrera m\u00e1s com\u00fan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong> Preservativo femenino:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Preservativo femenino\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/female-condom\/\">preservativo femenino<\/a> es una bolsa de poliuretano de dieciocho cent\u00edmetros de largo con dos anillos flexibles y se inserta en la vagina antes del coito.<\/li>\n<li>El preservativo femenino cubre el cuello uterino, el canal vaginal y el \u00e1rea inmediata alrededor de la vagina.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong> Espermicidas:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Los <a title=\"Espermicida\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/spermicide\/\">espermicidas<\/a> son productos qu\u00edmicos dise\u00f1ados para matar espermatozoides.<\/li>\n<li>Los productos qu\u00edmicos espermicidas est\u00e1n disponibles en forma de espuma, gel, comprimidos efervescentes y supositorios vaginales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Diafragma<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Diafragma\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/diaphragm\/\">diafragma<\/a> es una c\u00fapula blanda de goma estirada sobre un anillo flexible.<\/li>\n<li>La c\u00fapula se llena con una crema o gel espermicida.<\/li>\n<li>El diafragma se inserta entonces en la vagina y se coloca sobre el cuello uterino no m\u00e1s de 3 horas antes del coito.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong> Capuch\u00f3n cervical:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Capuch\u00f3n cervical\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/cervical-cap\/\">capuch\u00f3n cervical<\/a> es una peque\u00f1a copa hecha de l\u00e1tex o pl\u00e1stico.<\/li>\n<li>El capuch\u00f3n cervical se llena con una crema o gel espermicida, se inserta en la vagina y se coloca sobre el cuello uterino.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Esponja anticonceptiva:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>La <a title=\"Esponja anticonceptiva\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/contraceptive-sponge\/\">esponja anticonceptiva<\/a> es un dispositivo blando con forma de platillo hecho de espuma de poliuretano.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Control de natalidad hormonal:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ya sea administrado como p\u00edldora, parche, inyecci\u00f3n, anillo o implante, los medicamentos hormonales contienen formas fabricadas de las hormonas estr\u00f3geno y\/o progesterona.<br \/>\nLos anticonceptivos hormonales NO protegen contra la transmisi\u00f3n de enfermedades de transmisi\u00f3n sexual.<br \/>\n<strong>Los m\u00e9todos hormonales funcionan de una de tres maneras:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1) impidiendo que los ovarios de la mujer liberen un \u00f3vulo cada mes;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2) haciendo que el moco cervical se espese, dificultando que los espermatozoides alcancen y penetren el \u00f3vulo;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3) adelgazando el revestimiento del \u00fatero, lo que reduce la probabilidad de que un \u00f3vulo fertilizado se implante en la pared uterina. Este tercer m\u00e9todo presenta una <a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventing-pregnancy\/ethical-considerations\/\">preocupaci\u00f3n \u00e9tica<\/a> a considerar. <\/p>\n<h3>P\u00edldoras anticonceptivas:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Las <a title=\"P\u00edldoras anticonceptivas\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/birth-control-pills\/\">p\u00edldoras anticonceptivas<\/a> se toman diariamente seg\u00fan lo prescrito por su profesional sanitario.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Depo-Provera:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Depo-Provera: inyecci\u00f3n trimestral\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/depoprovera\/\">Depo-Provera<\/a> es una inyecci\u00f3n administrada por su m\u00e9dico que previene el embarazo durante tres meses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lunelle:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Lunelle: inyecci\u00f3n mensual\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/lunelle\/\">Lunelle<\/a> es una inyecci\u00f3n administrada por su profesional sanitario que previene el embarazo durante un mes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>NuvaRing\/Anillo vaginal:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>NuvaRing, o <a title=\"Anillo vaginal\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/vaginal-ring\/\">anillo vaginal<\/a>, es un anillo flexible que se inserta en la vagina durante tres semanas, se retira durante una semana y luego se reemplaza con un anillo nuevo.<\/li>\n<li>El anillo libera estr\u00f3geno y progesterona en su cuerpo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Parche Ortho Evra\/Parche anticonceptivo:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Parche anticonceptivo\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/birth-control-patch\/\">parche anticonceptivo<\/a> se coloca directamente sobre la piel, con las hormonas incorporadas en el lado adhesivo del parche.<\/li>\n<li>Cada semana durante las primeras tres semanas se coloca un parche nuevo en la cadera, las nalgas o la parte superior del brazo.<\/li>\n<li>El parche se retira durante la cuarta semana, permitiendo el per\u00edodo menstrual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dispositivo intrauterino (DIU):<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>El <a title=\"Dispositivos intrauterinos: DIU\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/intrauterine-devices\/\">DIU<\/a> es un peque\u00f1o dispositivo de pl\u00e1stico que contiene cobre u hormonas y es insertado en el \u00fatero por un profesional m\u00e9dico.<\/li>\n<li>El DIU no impide que los espermatozoides entren en el \u00fatero, sino que cambia el <a title=\"El moco cervical y su fertilidad\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/getting-pregnant\/cervical-mucus\/\">moco cervical<\/a> disminuyendo la probabilidad de fertilizaci\u00f3n. Tambi\u00e9n cambia el revestimiento del \u00fatero impidiendo la implantaci\u00f3n en caso de que ocurra la fertilizaci\u00f3n. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Marcha atr\u00e1s y esterilizaci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ni la <a title=\"Coito interrumpido\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/withdrawal\/\">marcha atr\u00e1s<\/a> ni la esterilizaci\u00f3n previenen la transmisi\u00f3n de enfermedades de transmisi\u00f3n sexual.<\/p>\n<h3>Marcha atr\u00e1s:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>La <a title=\"Coito interrumpido\" href=\"\nhttps:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/preventingpregnancy\/withdrawal\/\">marcha atr\u00e1s<\/a> implica la retirada del pene erecto de la vagina antes de la eyaculaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Esterilizaci\u00f3n:<\/h3>\n<h4>Mujer:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>La esterilizaci\u00f3n implica el cierre quir\u00fargico de las trompas de Falopio que transportan los \u00f3vulos desde los ovarios hasta el \u00fatero<\/li>\n<li>Este procedimiento se denomina ligadura de trompas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Hombre:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>La esterilizaci\u00f3n implica el cierre quir\u00fargico de los conductos deferentes (los tubos que transportan los espermatozoides)<\/li>\n<li>Este procedimiento se denomina <a title=\"Embarazo despu\u00e9s de una vasectom\u00eda\" href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/unplanned-pregnancy\/pregnancy-after-vasectomy\/\">vasectom\u00eda<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Comparaci\u00f3n de los diferentes m\u00e9todos anticonceptivos<\/h3>\n<table class=\"responsive css-1pp4cxb\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><strong>Tipo<\/strong><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><strong>Disponibilidad<\/strong><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><strong>Eficacia<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>P\u00edldora combinada<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente <a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/contraception\/how-effective-contraception\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">9 de cada 100 usuarias<\/a> quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>P\u00edldora de solo progestina<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 9 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>DIU hormonal<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>menos de 1 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>DIU de cobre<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>menos de 1 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Implante<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>menos de 1 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Inyecci\u00f3n Depo-Provera<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 6 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Parche<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 9 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>NuvaRing<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 9 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Preservativo externo<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>m\u00e9todo de barrera no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>sin receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 18 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Preservativo interno<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>m\u00e9todo de barrera no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>sin receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 21 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Diafragma<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>m\u00e9todo de barrera no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 12\u201329 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Capuch\u00f3n cervical<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>m\u00e9todo de barrera no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>solo con receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 12\u201329 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Esponja<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>m\u00e9todo de barrera no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>sin receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 9 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Espermicida<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>m\u00e9todo de barrera no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>sin receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 28 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>M\u00e9todos de conocimiento de la fertilidad<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>se necesita un term\u00f3metro de temperatura basal corporal<br \/>\nsin receta<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 24 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>M\u00e9todo de marcha atr\u00e1s\/retirada<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>no hormonal<\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 22 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Lactancia materna<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>hormonal<\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<td>aproximadamente 74 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Ligadura de trompas<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>esterilizaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>procedimiento quir\u00fargico<\/td>\n<td>menos de 1 de cada 200 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Oclusi\u00f3n tub\u00e1rica<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>esterilizaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>procedimiento quir\u00fargico<\/td>\n<td>menos de 1 de cada 200 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><strong>Vasectom\u00eda<\/strong><\/th>\n<td>esterilizaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>procedimiento quir\u00fargico<\/td>\n<td>menos de 1 de cada 100 usuarias quedan embarazadas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"citation-date\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfDesea saber m\u00e1s?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/americanpregnancy.org\/es\/unplanned-pregnancy\/birth-control-failure\/\">Fallo anticonceptivo<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Fuentes:<\/h4>\n<p>Healthline: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/healthy-sex\/how-effective-is-birth-control\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 tan eficaz es cada m\u00e9todo anticonceptivo?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EE. UU., Oficina de Salud de la Mujer:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/birth-control-methods\"> M\u00e9todos anticonceptivos<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anticoncepci\u00f3n es un t\u00e9rmino utilizado para los m\u00e9todos de prevenci\u00f3n del embarazo y a menudo se denomina control de natalidad. Desde m\u00e9todos y medicamentos hasta dispositivos, existen muchos tipos de control de natalidad disponibles tanto para hombres como para mujeres. Algunos m\u00e9todos se consideran permanentes, mientras que otros son reversibles. La mayor\u00eda de los m\u00e9todos [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":84023,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7617,7656,8632],"tags":[],"faq-categories":[8401],"class_list":["post-84022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unplanned-pregnancy","category-birth-control-pills-patches-and-devices","category-anticoncepcion","faq-categories-no-faq"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tipos de control de natalidad | American Pregnancy Association<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El control de natalidad (anticoncepci\u00f3n) es cualquier m\u00e9todo, medicamento o dispositivo utilizado para prevenir el embarazo. 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