I believe that part of the healthcare law is that the states have to put together health exchanges that pool people that aren't covered through employer insurance and such, and then offers them affordable rates through the power of numbers. There are exemptions for people that cannot afford it, and help for people that have trouble making the premiums. This simplifies it a bit:
http://healthreform.kff.org/the-basi...flowchart.aspx
The idea is to have people that can afford to buy insurance either buy it, or pay a penalty so that when they end up in the hospital and the rest of us have to pay for their care, they've already paid for that eventuality.